This book presents the latest advances and emerging trends in research and industrial applications in non-destructive testing, manufacturing and process safety and diagnostics and materials science. With technological advances, the modern world is on the verge of a new industrial revolution, being in the stage of digital transformation, when innovations from different industries interpenetrate and complement each other. The School of Non-Destructive Testing, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, promotes scientific research and industrial application of non-destructive testing and materials science technologies and related tests, as well as methods, to ensure safe manufacturing processes. Today, research and technology advancement is driven by innovations, and there is a need for publications to stimulate the formation and continuous training of specialists in non-destructive testing, materials science and safety. This book can be used as a complementary technical document to upgrade the skills of specialists in non-destructive testing, materials science and safety, and as a primary resource for training managers and decision-makers in various industries. Innovations in the fields of non-destructive testing, production and process safety, diagnostics and materials science and books that highlight the best and instructive are central to our technological world. I am pleased to see this comprehensive book taking shape and advancing this field to the next generation of scientists seeking for new research opportunities.